Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy For Alzheimer's Disease: A Review Of Msc-Derived Extracellular Vesicles In Clinical And Preclinical Models

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a frequent dementia form that impacts central nervous system (CNS) areas implicated in higher cognitive functions, including memory and learning and is defined by behavioral disturbances, memory loss, and progressive cognitive decline. Because of the heterogeneity and complexity of AD, effective methods are needed to address this epidemic. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based treatments have illustrated positive outcomes in several disorders experimental models such as those impacting CNS, as well as are being found in neurological disorders clinical trials. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), like micro vesicles and exosomes, are heterogeneous membrane structures containing numerous proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. In comparison to management with stem cells, EVs have lower tumorigenicity and immunogenicity, and their managements are easier. This review is an overview of the available knowledge of the essentials of MSCs and MSC-derived EVs from many sources in clinical and preclinical AD models. This study includes the various MSCs types' examination, like induced-pluripotent stem cells-MSCs and Bone marrow-MSCs Wharton's jelly-MSCs.