Efficacy Of Dexmedetomidine For Prevention Of Emergence Agitation In Post Cardiac Surgery Patients

Abstract

Background and Aim: Emergent agitation (EA), which is one of the most common and untreatable postoperative sequelae, occurs most frequently in patients having heart surgery while under isoflurane anesthesia. Dexmedetomidine, a common (2)-adrenoceptor agonist used in cardiac surgery, offers the finest sedation, reduces preoperative anxiety, and facilitates a smooth induction of anesthesia. Our goal was to evaluate dexmedetomidine's efficiency in reducing emergence agitation in heart surgery patients.

Study Design: Comparative study

Place and Duration: This study was conducted at lady reading hospital Peshawar and the duration of this study was from February 2019 to September 2019.

Methods: Total 110 patients of both genders had age 25-70 years were included. Patients were included in this study after getting informed written consent. Patients were equally divided in two groups. 55 patients of group I received dexmedetomidine 0.5 mcg/kg over 15 min followed by 0.1 mcg/kg/h under isoflurane anesthesia and 55 cases of group II received placebo. Results of the two groups were contrasted in terms of emerging agitation prevention. We used SPSS 24.0 to analyze all data.

Results: Patients mean age in group I was 55.9±7.41 years with mean BMI 25.2±4.35 kg/m² and in group II mean age was 53.5±4.75 years with mean BMI 24.9±13.87 kg/m². There were 31 (56.4%) males and 24 (43.6%) females in group I and in group II 33 (60%) males and 22 (40%) females. Mean systolic and diastolic BP in group I was 111.6 ± 18.7 mmHg and 70.3± 14.2 mmHg and in group II 109.4±21.11 mmHg and 68.9±19.5 mmHg was systolic and diastolic BP. There was no any significant difference observed in surgery time among both groups >0.05. Mean heart rate in group I was 66.3 ±4.72 and in group II mean heart rate was 89.6±8.68. Frequency of EA in group II was higher found in 20 (36.4%) cases as compared to group in 7 (12.7%) significantly with p <0.005.

Conclusion: We concluded in this study that use of dexmedetomidine in patients of post cardiac surgery was effective and useful to prevent emergence agitation. Compared to other medications, dexmedetomidine is a great option for preventing EA.