Prevalence Of Risk Factors Of Non Communicable Diseases In District Ambala, Haryana.

Abstract

Background: In low-income countries of the world the pattern of disease is changing at an alarming rate. In the last few years, there has been a changing pattern of disease profile from acute infectious communicable disease to chronic non-communicable diseases. A non-communicable disease (NCD) is a medical condition that is non-infectious and non-communicable among people. World Health Organization defines non communicable diseases as “diseases of long duration and are a result of a combination of genetic, physiological, environmental and behavioural factors”. The 4 main types of non-communicable diseases are cardiovascular diseases, cancers, chronic respiratory diseases and diabetes.

Aims and Objectives:  To evaluate the prevalence of risk factors of non-communicable diseases in district Ambala, Haryana.

Material and Methods: This is a population based cross sectional descriptive study carried out at Mullana. This study was conducted in the field practice area of the Rural and Urban Health and Training Centre attached to MMIMSR, located at Mullana in Ambala District of Haryana. Study population identified were those belonging to the age group of 20–80 years residing in the study area permanently at the time of the study. A maximum 407 subjects aged 21 years and above were enrolled in the study. This study was carried out from July 2022 to September 2022.

Results: Among 407 subjects enrolled for the study, the minimum age was 21 years with the maximum of 80 years. The study found that majority of males and females belonging to age group of 51-60 (77.6%) years and 71-80 years (60.0%) respectively were suffering from non-communicable diseases. This association was found to be statistically significant (p=0.0006). The male subjects who studied up to middle school were among majority of sufferers (79.4%) however among females, the illiterate ones (57.1%) had higher incidence of non-communicable diseases. This association was found to be statistically significant (p=0.0006). The study found that majority of male farmers (78.7%) were suffering from non-communicable diseases and among females, majority of unemployed ones (56%) had higher incidence of the same. This association was found to be statistically significant (p<=0.0001.

Conclusion: The findings of study emphasize the need of community-based IEC (Information Education Communication) intervention along with the provision of comprehensive package health services so as to reduce the risk of NCDs. The population at risk of NCDs must be involved at all level of prevention through full community participation.