Inflammatory Biomarkers In Early Detection Of Acute Coronary Syndrome

Abstract

Background

Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) encompasses conditions that result from the sudden blockage of blood flow to the heart, often caused by a ruptured atherosclerotic plaque. Inflammatory processes are pivotal in the pathogenesis of ACS. Detection of specific inflammatory biomarkers has the potential to enhance early diagnosis and improve patient outcomes by identifying at-risk individuals earlier in the disease process..

Objectives

To assess the role of inflammatory biomarkers in the early detection of ACS, improving diagnostic accuracy and patient management.

Methodology

This observational descriptive study was conducted involving patients presenting with chest pain and suspected ACS, at Department of Cardiology , Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar from Jan 2020 to Jan 2021. Blood samples were analyzed for inflammatory biomarkers, including CRP, interleukins, and white blood cell count. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the significance of these biomarkers in diagnosing ACS.

Results

A total of 150 patients participated, with a mean age of 58.3 years (SD: 10.2). CRP and interleukin-6 (IL-6)  levels were significantly elevated in patients with ACS suggesting a strong inflammatory component in the onset of ACS. The biomarkers provided additional diagnostic value when combined with traditional methods.

Conclusion

Inflammatory biomarkers such as CRP and IL-6 offer significant potential for the early detection of ACS, aiding in more accurate diagnosis and better clinical decision-making. These biomarkers can improve risk stratification and guide timely interventions.