Calcineurin Inhibitors (Cnis) As A Maintenance Immunosuppressant For Kidney Transplantation:

Abstract

Kidney transplantation is the best option for patients with end-stage kidney disease. It is associated with better quality of life, lower medical costs, less hospitalization, and improved survival compared with wait-listed patients who remain on dialysis. Giving organ shortage and the rapidly growing waiting list despite local or worldwide organizations and collaboration to manage kidney organ allocation system.4 Maintenance of a well-functioning renal graft is recently considered a must and not just an option. Because of advances in immunosuppression (IS), nowadays, one-year kidney graft survival rates is exceeding 93.59% in many centers, though long term survival is still a challenge. In this narrative review, we will list and discuss the most important aspects of a common maintainence IS drugs; calcineurin Inhibitors (CNI), its usage in renal transplantation, adverse effects, strategies to overcome those limitations by applying minimization protocols and their outcomes.